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Part III. Advanced Configuration
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Advanced Configuration

Valuable Nuts and Bolts Information

Samba has several features that you might want or might not want to use. The chapters in this part each cover specific Samba features.

Table of Contents

9. Network Browsing
Features and Benefits
What Is Browsing?
Discussion
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
TCP/IP without NetBIOS
DNS and Active Directory
How Browsing Functions
Configuring Workgroup Browsing
Domain Browsing Configuration
Forcing Samba to Be the Master
Making Samba the Domain Master
Note about Broadcast Addresses
Multiple Interfaces
Use of the Remote Announce Parameter
Use of the Remote Browse Sync Parameter
WINS: The Windows Internetworking Name Server
WINS Server Configuration
WINS Replication
Static WINS Entries
Helpful Hints
Windows Networking Protocols
Name Resolution Order
Technical Overview of Browsing
Browsing Support in Samba
Problem Resolution
Cross-Subnet Browsing
Common Errors
Flushing the Samba NetBIOS Name Cache
Server Resources Cannot Be Listed
I Get an "Unable to browse the network" Error
Browsing of Shares and Directories is Very Slow
10. Account Information Databases
Features and Benefits
Backward Compatibility Account Storage Systems
New Account Storage Systems
Technical Information
Important Notes About Security
Mapping User Identifiers between MS Windows and UNIX
Mapping Common UIDs/GIDs on Distributed Machines
Comments Regarding LDAP
LDAP Directories and Windows Computer Accounts
Account Management Tools
The smbpasswd Tool
The pdbedit Tool
Password Backends
Plaintext
smbpasswd: Encrypted Password Database
tdbsam
ldapsam
MySQL
XML
Common Errors
Users Cannot Logon
Users Being Added to the Wrong Backend Database
Configuration of auth methods
11. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX
Features and Benefits
Discussion
Warning: User Private Group Problems
Nested Groups: Adding Windows Domain Groups to Windows Local Groups
Important Administrative Information
Default Users, Groups, and Relative Identifiers
Example Configuration
Configuration Scripts
Sample smb.conf Add Group Script
Script to Configure Group Mapping
Common Errors
Adding Groups Fails
Adding Domain Users to the Workstation Power Users Group
12. Remote and Local Management: The Net Command
Overview
Administrative Tasks and Methods
UNIX and Windows Group Management
Adding, Renaming, or Deletion of Group Accounts
Manipulating Group Memberships
Nested Group Support
UNIX and Windows User Management
Adding User Accounts
Deletion of User Accounts
Managing User Accounts
User Mapping
Administering User Rights and Privileges
Managing Trust Relationships
Machine Trust Accounts
Interdomain Trusts
Managing Security Identifiers (SIDS)
Share Management
Creating, Editing, and Removing Shares
Creating and Changing Share ACLs
Share, Directory, and File Migration
Printer Migration
Controlling Open Files
Session and Connection Management
Printers and ADS
Manipulating the Samba Cache
Other Miscellaneous Operations
13. Identity Mapping (IDMAP)
Samba Server Deployment Types and IDMAP
Standalone Samba Server
Domain Member Server or Domain Member Client
Primary Domain Controller
Backup Domain Controller
Examples of IDMAP Backend Usage
Default Winbind TDB
IDMAP_RID with Winbind
IDMAP Storage in LDAP Using Winbind
IDMAP and NSS Using LDAP from ADS with RFC2307bis Schema Extension
14. User Rights and Privileges
Rights Management Capabilities
Using the “net rpc rights” Utility
Description of Privileges
Privileges Suppored by Windows 2000 Domain Controllers
The Administrator Domain SID
Common Errors
What Rights and Privileges Will Permit Windows Client Administration?
15. File, Directory, and Share Access Controls
Features and Benefits
File System Access Controls
MS Windows NTFS Comparison with UNIX File Systems
Managing Directories
File and Directory Access Control
Share Definition Access Controls
User- and Group-Based Controls
File and Directory Permissions-Based Controls
Miscellaneous Controls
Access Controls on Shares
Share Permissions Management
MS Windows Access Control Lists and UNIX Interoperability
Managing UNIX Permissions Using NT Security Dialogs
Viewing File Security on a Samba Share
Viewing File Ownership
Viewing File or Directory Permissions
Modifying File or Directory Permissions
Interaction with the Standard Samba “create mask” Parameters
Interaction with the Standard Samba File Attribute Mapping
Windows NT/200X ACLs and POSIX ACLs Limitations
Common Errors
Users Cannot Write to a Public Share
File Operations Done as root with force user Set
MS Word with Samba Changes Owner of File
16. File and Record Locking
Features and Benefits
Discussion
Opportunistic Locking Overview
Samba Oplocks Control
Example Configuration
MS Windows Oplocks and Caching Controls
Workstation Service Entries
Server Service Entries
Persistent Data Corruption
Common Errors
locking.tdb Error Messages
Problems Saving Files in MS Office on Windows XP
Long Delays Deleting Files over Network with XP SP1
Additional Reading
17. Securing Samba
Introduction
Features and Benefits
Technical Discussion of Protective Measures and Issues
Using Host-Based Protection
User-Based Protection
Using Interface Protection
Using a Firewall
Using IPC$ Share-Based Denials
NTLMv2 Security
Upgrading Samba
Common Errors
Smbclient Works on Localhost, but the Network Is Dead
Why Can Users Access Other Users' Home Directories?
18. Interdomain Trust Relationships
Features and Benefits
Trust Relationship Background
Native MS Windows NT4 Trusts Configuration
Creating an NT4 Domain Trust
Completing an NT4 Domain Trust
Interdomain Trust Facilities
Configuring Samba NT-Style Domain Trusts
Samba as the Trusted Domain
Samba as the Trusting Domain
NT4-Style Domain Trusts with Windows 2000
Common Errors
Browsing of Trusted Domain Fails
Problems with LDAP ldapsam and Older Versions of smbldap-tools
19. Hosting a Microsoft Distributed File System Tree
Features and Benefits
Common Errors
MSDFS UNIX Path Is Case-Critical
20. Classical Printing Support
Features and Benefits
Technical Introduction
Client to Samba Print Job Processing
Printing-Related Configuration Parameters
Simple Print Configuration
Verifying Configuration with testparm
Rapid Configuration Validation
Extended Printing Configuration
Detailed Explanation Settings
Printing Developments Since Samba-2.2
Point'n'Print Client Drivers on Samba Servers
The Obsoleted [printer$] Section
Creating the [print$] Share
[print$] Stanza Parameters
The [print$] Share Directory
Installing Drivers into [print$]
Add Printer Wizard Driver Installation
Installing Print Drivers Using rpcclient
Client Driver Installation Procedure
First Client Driver Installation
Setting Device Modes on New Printers
Additional Client Driver Installation
Always Make First Client Connection as root or “printer admin”
Other Gotchas
Setting Default Print Options for Client Drivers
Supporting Large Numbers of Printers
Adding New Printers with the Windows NT APW
Error Message: “Cannot connect under a different Name”
Take Care When Assembling Driver Files
Samba and Printer Ports
Avoiding Common Client Driver Misconfiguration
The Imprints Toolset
What Is Imprints?
Creating Printer Driver Packages
The Imprints Server
The Installation Client
Adding Network Printers without User Interaction
The addprinter Command
Migration of Classical Printing to Samba
Publishing Printer Information in Active Directory or LDAP
Common Errors
I Give My Root Password but I Do Not Get Access
My Print Jobs Get Spooled into the Spooling Directory, but Then Get Lost
21. CUPS Printing Support
Introduction
Features and Benefits
Overview
Basic CUPS Support Configuration
Linking smbd with libcups.so
Simple smb.conf Settings for CUPS
More Complex CUPS smb.conf Settings
Advanced Configuration
Central Spooling vs. “Peer-to-Peer” Printing
Raw Print Serving: Vendor Drivers on Windows Clients
Installation of Windows Client Drivers
Explicitly Enable “raw” Printing for application/octet-stream
Driver Upload Methods
Advanced Intelligent Printing with PostScript Driver Download
GDI on Windows, PostScript on UNIX
Windows Drivers, GDI, and EMF
UNIX Printfile Conversion and GUI Basics
PostScript and Ghostscript
Ghostscript: The Software RIP for Non-PostScript Printers
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) Specification
Using Windows-Formatted Vendor PPDs
CUPS Also Uses PPDs for Non-PostScript Printers
The CUPS Filtering Architecture
MIME Types and CUPS Filters
MIME Type Conversion Rules
Filtering Overview
Prefilters
pstops
pstoraster
imagetops and imagetoraster
rasterto [printers specific]
CUPS Backends
The Role of cupsomatic/foomatic
The Complete Picture
mime.convs
“Raw” Printing
application/octet-stream Printing
PostScript Printer Descriptions for Non-PostScript Printers
cupsomatic/foomatic-rip Versus Native CUPS Printing
Examples for Filtering Chains
Sources of CUPS Drivers/PPDs
Printing with Interface Scripts
Network Printing (Purely Windows)
From Windows Clients to an NT Print Server
Driver Execution on the Client
Driver Execution on the Server
Network Printing (Windows Clients and UNIX/Samba Print Servers)
From Windows Clients to a CUPS/Samba Print Server
Samba Receiving Job-Files and Passing Them to CUPS
Network PostScript RIP
PPDs for Non-PS Printers on UNIX
PPDs for Non-PS Printers on Windows
Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS Clients
Printer Drivers Running in “Kernel Mode” Cause Many Problems
Workarounds Impose Heavy Limitations
CUPS: A “Magical Stone”?
PostScript Drivers with No Major Problems, Even in Kernel Mode
Configuring CUPS for Driver Download
cupsaddsmb: The Unknown Utility
Prepare Your smb.conf for cupsaddsmb
CUPS “PostScript Driver for Windows NT/200x/XP”
Recognizing Different Driver Files
Acquiring the Adobe Driver Files
ESP Print Pro PostScript Driver for Windows NT/200x/XP
Caveats to Be Considered
Windows CUPS PostScript Driver Versus Adobe Driver
Run cupsaddsmb (Quiet Mode)
Run cupsaddsmb with Verbose Output
Understanding cupsaddsmb
How to Recognize If cupsaddsmb Completed Successfully
cupsaddsmb with a Samba PDC
cupsaddsmb Flowchart
Installing the PostScript Driver on a Client
Avoiding Critical PostScript Driver Settings on the Client
Installing PostScript Driver Files Manually Using rpcclient
A Check of the rpcclient man Page
Understanding the rpcclient man Page
Producing an Example by Querying a Windows Box
Requirements for adddriver and setdriver to Succeed
Manual Driver Installation in 15 Steps
Troubleshooting Revisited
The Printing *.tdb Files
Trivial Database Files
Binary Format
Losing *.tdb Files
Using tdbbackup
CUPS Print Drivers from Linuxprinting.org
foomatic-rip and Foomatic Explained
foomatic-rip and Foomatic PPD Download and Installation
Page Accounting with CUPS
Setting Up Quotas
Correct and Incorrect Accounting
Adobe and CUPS PostScript Drivers for Windows Clients
The page_log File Syntax
Possible Shortcomings
Future Developments
Other Accounting Tools
Additional Material
Autodeletion or Preservation of CUPS Spool Files
CUPS Configuration Settings Explained
Preconditions
Manual Configuration
Printing from CUPS to Windows-Attached Printers
More CUPS Filtering Chains
Common Errors
Windows 9x/Me Client Can't Install Driver
“cupsaddsmb” Keeps Asking for Root Password in Never-ending Loop
“cupsaddsmb” or “rpcclient addriver” Emit Error
“cupsaddsmb” Errors
Client Can't Connect to Samba Printer
New Account Reconnection from Windows 200x/XP Troubles
Avoid Being Connected to the Samba Server as the Wrong User
Upgrading to CUPS Drivers from Adobe Drivers
Can't Use “cupsaddsmb” on Samba Server, Which Is a PDC
Deleted Windows 200x Printer Driver Is Still Shown
Windows 200x/XP Local Security Policies
Administrator Cannot Install Printers for All Local Users
Print Change, Notify Functions on NT Clients
Win XP-SP1
Print Options for All Users Can't Be Set on Windows 200x/XP
Most Common Blunders in Driver Settings on Windows Clients
cupsaddsmb Does Not Work with Newly Installed Printer
Permissions on /var/spool/samba/ Get Reset After Each Reboot
Print Queue Called “lp” Mishandles Print Jobs
Location of Adobe PostScript Driver Files for “cupsaddsmb”
Overview of the CUPS Printing Processes
22. Stackable VFS modules
Features and Benefits
Discussion
Included Modules
audit
extd_audit
fake_perms
recycle
netatalk
shadow_copy
VFS Modules Available Elsewhere
DatabaseFS
vscan
23. Winbind: Use of Domain Accounts
Features and Benefits
Introduction
What Winbind Provides
Target Uses
Handling of Foreign SIDs
How Winbind Works
Microsoft Remote Procedure Calls
Microsoft Active Directory Services
Name Service Switch
Pluggable Authentication Modules
User and Group ID Allocation
Result Caching
Installation and Configuration
Introduction
Requirements
Testing Things Out
Conclusion
Common Errors
NSCD Problem Warning
Winbind Is Not Resolving Users and Groups
24. Advanced Network Management
Features and Benefits
Remote Server Administration
Remote Desktop Management
Remote Management from NoMachine.Com
Network Logon Script Magic
Adding Printers without User Intervention
Limiting Logon Connections
25. System and Account Policies
Features and Benefits
Creating and Managing System Policies
Windows 9x/ME Policies
Windows NT4-Style Policy Files
MS Windows 200x/XP Professional Policies
Managing Account/User Policies
Management Tools
Samba Editreg Toolset
Windows NT4/200x
Samba PDC
System Startup and Logon Processing Overview
Common Errors
Policy Does Not Work
26. Desktop Profile Management
Features and Benefits
Roaming Profiles
Samba Configuration for Profile Handling
Windows Client Profile Configuration Information
User Profile Hive Cleanup Service
Sharing Profiles between Windows 9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP Workstations
Profile Migration from Windows NT4/200x Server to Samba
Mandatory Profiles
Creating and Managing Group Profiles
Default Profile for Windows Users
MS Windows 9x/Me
MS Windows NT4 Workstation
MS Windows 200x/XP
Common Errors
Configuring Roaming Profiles for a Few Users or Groups
Cannot Use Roaming Profiles
Changing the Default Profile
Debugging Roaming Profiles and NT4-style Domain Policies
27. PAM-Based Distributed Authentication
Features and Benefits
Technical Discussion
PAM Configuration Syntax
Example System Configurations
smb.conf PAM Configuration
Remote CIFS Authentication Using winbindd.so
Password Synchronization Using pam_smbpass.so
Common Errors
pam_winbind Problem
Winbind Is Not Resolving Users and Groups
28. Integrating MS Windows Networks with Samba
Features and Benefits
Background Information
Name Resolution in a Pure UNIX/Linux World
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
Name Resolution as Used within MS Windows Networking
The NetBIOS Name Cache
The LMHOSTS File
HOSTS File
DNS Lookup
WINS Lookup
Common Errors
Pinging Works Only One Way
Very Slow Network Connections
Samba Server Name-Change Problem
29. Unicode/Charsets
Features and Benefits
What Are Charsets and Unicode?
Samba and Charsets
Conversion from Old Names
Japanese Charsets
Basic Parameter Setting
Individual Implementations
Migration from Samba-2.2 Series
Common Errors
CP850.so Can't Be Found
30. Backup Techniques
Features and Benefits
Discussion of Backup Solutions
BackupPC
Rsync
Amanda
BOBS: Browseable Online Backup System
31. High Availability
Features and Benefits
Technical Discussion
The Ultimate Goal
Why Is This So Hard?
A Simple Solution
High-Availability Server Products
MS-DFS: The Poor Man's Cluster
Conclusions
32. Handling Large Directories
33. Advanced Configuration Techniques
Implementation
Multiple Server Hosting
Multiple Virtual Server Personalities
Multiple Virtual Server Hosting
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Chapter 8. MS Windows Network Configuration Guide Home Chapter 9. Network Browsing