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Graphical Environment Guide
About this book
How this book is organized
How to use the chapters in this book
For further reading
How can we improve this book?
Overview of the Graphical Environment
Understanding servers and clients
Components of the Graphical Environment
Customizing the Graphical Environment
Graphical Environment configuration files
The .startxrc file
The .Xdefaults-hostname file
The pmwmrc and .mwmrc files
Desktop rule files
Guidelines for configuring the Graphical Environment
Looking at the Graphical Environment
Configuring the Graphical Environment from the Desktop
Using the Preferences Editor
Using the Preferences Editor dialog boxes
Preference categories
Using the Preferences Library
Changing how you start and exit the Graphical Environment
Changing colors with the Color control
Creating a new palette
Deleting a palette
Changing colors in a palette
Color buttons
Mixing colors
Colors for grayscale monitors
Colors for DOS programs
Changing Desktop fonts
Changing the background pattern
Selecting the background pattern
Removing background patterns
Defining the bitmap/pixmap path
Changing mouse characteristics
Configuring the keyboard
Changing the system bell
Controlling access to your display
Changing desktop, directory, dialog box, and icon behavior
Main Desktop behavior options
Desktop window behavior options
Treeview desktop behavior options
Directory window behavior options
Dialog box behavior options
Icon behavior options
Configuring tools
Configuring devices
Customizing startup of the Graphical Environment
Starting a Graphical Environment session
Running scologin
Configuring scologin's startup behavior
Defining X server sessions
Logging out of scologin
Running the startx script
Using grey-scale monochrome monitors with the X server
Solving problems exiting the X server
Using the session manager
Starting scosession
Stopping scosession
Using scosession options
Using environment variables
Customizing scologin
Using the scologin administration script
Configuring scologin on multiple displays
About XDMCP X server options
Running scologin with XDMCP
Running scologin with the Xservers file
Step 1: Stopping existing scologin processes
Step 2: Editing the Xservers file
Step 3: Enabling access to the remote display
Step 4: Running the X server on the remote display
Step 5: Starting scologin
Using X terminals
Managing an X terminal display with scologin
X terminals that do not support XDMCP
X terminals that support XDMCP
Running a session on an X terminal without scologin
Running remote programs
Gaining access to the remote client
Setting up access permissions to your display
Granting access to specific hosts
Step 1: Establishing system-wide host access
Step 2: Setting temporary display access
Granting access to specific accounts
Step 1: Disabling system-wide display access
Step 2: Configuring scologin
Step 3: Logging in through scologin
Step 4: Disabling user-defined display access
Step 5: Sharing authorization records with other users
Running the remote client
Running clients with the DISPLAY environment variable
Running clients with the -display option
Example of running a remote client on your display
Understanding resources
About resources
Syntax for resource specifications
Using classes and instances in resource specifications
Using delimiters in resource specifications
Specifying values in resource specifications
Precedence rules for resource specifications
Methods for specifying resources
Setting resources in the X server
Examining the contents of the resource database
Loading new values into the resource database
Saving new specifications in a resource file
Removing resource definitions from the resource database
Using command line options to configure clients
Window appearance options
Display specification option
Font specification option
Window size and location option
Client name option
Window title option
Resource specifications on the command line
Guidelines for managing resources
Changing colors
About colors
The color database
The RGB and HSV color models
The scocolor client
Color palettes
Color resources and the color palettes
Colormaps
The NeTraverse Merge colormap
Changing colors for the entire system
Changing colors in an existing palette
Step 1: Selecting a replacement color
Step 2: Adding the new color to the palette
Creating a new system-wide palette
Step 1: Creating the new palette
Step 2: Adding the new palette
Changing colors for individual users
Step 1: Creating an .Xdefaults-hostname file
Step 2: Setting the color resource
Step 3: Assigning correct ownership permissions
Step 4: Starting a Graphical Environment session
Setting colors from the command line
The -xrm option
The -bg and -fg options
Adding custom colors to the database
Step 1: Adding the new colors to rgb.txt
Step 2: Running rgb
Step 3: Running showrgb
Examples of changing colors
Example 1: Using custom colors in default palettes
Example 2: Customizing colors with resources
Changing fonts
About fonts
Font names
Using wildcards
Font aliases
The font server
Using the font server
Running the font server from the command line
Using the font server from scologin
Using the font server from startx
Running the font server from system startup files
Configuring the font server
Configuring available fonts
Configuring default font size and resolutions
Choosing a font server host
Changing font server TCP ports
Configuring font server connection limits
Using the font server and local fonts
Specifying multiple font sources with the X server
Specifying multiple font sources with xset
Using alternate font server configuration files
Listing available fonts on your system
Listing X server fonts with xlsfonts
Running xlsfonts
Listing font server fonts with fslsfonts
Running fslsfonts
Previewing a specific font
Step 1: Running xfd
Step 2: Scrolling through multiple screens
Step 3: Displaying information on a character
Step 4: Quitting xfd
Specifying fonts
Specifying fonts for the entire system
Step 1: Editing the client resource files
Step 2: Setting the font resource
Step 3: Activating the new fonts
Specifying fonts for individual users
Step 1: Creating an .Xdefaults-hostname file
Step 2: Setting the font resource
Step 3: Assigning correct ownership permissions
Step 4: Starting a Graphical Environment session
Setting fonts from the command line
Using the -xrm option
Other command line font options
Creating a font alias
Step 1: Editing the fonts.alias file
Step 2: Resetting the font database
Adding a font to your system
Step 1: Placing the font files on your system
Step 2: Converting from BDF to PCF format
Step 3: Running mkfontdir
Step 4: Updating the font search path
Step 5: Resetting the font database
Example of setting fonts
Configuring window size and location
About window geometry
Desktop geometry
Configuring window geometry
Specifying geometry for the entire system
Step 1: Editing the client resource file
Step 2: Setting the geometry resource
Step 3: Activating the new geometry settings
Specifying geometry for individual users
Step 1: Creating an .Xdefaults-hostname file
Step 2: Setting the geometry resource
Step 3: Assigning correct ownership permissions
Step 4: Starting a Graphical Environment session
Specifying geometry from the command line
Resizing the Desktop
Step 1: Using the Desktop Preferences Editor
Step 2: Resizing the Desktop with the mouse
Example of specifying window geometry
Changing cursor appearance
About cursor appearance
Desktop cursor appearance
scoterm cursor fonts
Root window cursor appearance
Changing the Desktop cursor
Specifying Desktop cursors for the entire system
Step 1: Creating a picture directory
Step 2: Editing the client resource file
Step 3: Setting the cursor resources
Step 4: Activating the new cursors
Specifying Desktop cursors for individual users
Step 1: Creating a picture directory
Step 2: Creating an XDesktop3 file
Step 3: Setting the cursor resources
Step 4: Assigning correct ownership permissions
Step 5: Restarting the Desktop
Changing the scoterm cursor
Specifying scoterm cursors for the entire system
Step 1: Editing the system resource file
Step 2: Setting the cursor font resource
Step 3: Activating the new cursor
Specifying scoterm cursors for individual users
Step 1: Creating an .Xdefaults-hostname file
Step 2: Setting the font resource
Step 3: Assigning correct ownership permissions
Step 4: Restarting the scoterm client
Setting scoterm cursors from the command line
Using the -xrm option
Example of changing cursor appearance
Example 1: Changing Desktop cursor appearance
Example 2: Changing scoterm cursor appearance
Configuring mouse behavior
Emulating a three-button mouse
Switching to a left-handed mouse
Step 1: Configuring the mouse for left-handed use
Step 2: Listing the new mouse button mappings
Configuring mouse acceleration
Step 1: Setting the movement parameters
Step 2: Listing the new mouse settings
Specifying the mouse double-click duration
Defining the double-click duration with scomouse
Defining the double-click duration for the Desktop
Step 1: Editing the resource file
Step 2: Setting the maxUpTime resource
Step 3: Modifying other Desktop mouse resources
Step 4: Restarting the Desktop
Defining the double-click duration for the window manager
Step 1: Editing the resource file
Step 2: Setting the doubleClickTime resource
Step 3: Restarting the window manager
Example of configuring your mouse
Configuring the keyboard for the server
About the server keyboard
Changing the modifier map
Step 1: Changing a modifier map
Step 2: Examining the modifier map
Changing the keymap table
Step 1: Examining the current keymap table
Step 2: Specifying keymap table changes
Example of configuring the keyboard
Customizing the window manager
Selecting between SCO Panner and OSF/Motif modes
Creating a personal window manager configuration file
Examining the window manager configuration file
Using window manager functions
Function descriptions
Function constraints
Customizing window manager menus
About window manager menus
Adding or modifying window manager menus
Step 1: Editing a window manager configuration file
Step 2: Starting a new menu
Step 3: Creating menu items
Step 4: Specifying how to access the new menu
Step 5: Restarting the window manager
Changing the menu associated with the window menu button
Step 1: Editing the resource file
Step 2: Setting the windowMenu resource
Step 3: Modifying other Window menu resources
Step 4: Restarting the window manager
Example of creating a window manager submenu
Configuring window manager button bindings
Default button bindings
About window manager functions
Configuring button bindings
Step 1: Editing a window manager configuration file
Step 2: Locating the button binding section
Step 3: Configuring the button binding specification
Step 4: Configuring the function specification
Step 5: Configuring the context specification
Step 6: Restarting the window manager
Creating a new button binding set
Step 1: Editing a window manager configuration file
Step 2: Locating the DefaultButtonBindings section
Step 3: Defining button, function, and context specifications
Step 4: Specifying the buttonBindings resource
Step 5: Restarting the window manager
Example of creating a new button set
Configuring window manager key bindings
Default key bindings
About mnemonics and accelerators
About window manager functions
Configuring key bindings
Step 1: Editing a window manager configuration file
Step 2: Locating the key binding section
Step 3: Configuring the key binding specification
Step 4: Configuring the function specification
Step 5: Configuring the context specification
Step 6: Restarting the window manager
Creating a new key binding set
Step 1: Editing a window manager configuration file
Step 2: Locating the DefaultKeyBindings section
Step 3: Defining key, function, and context specifications
Step 4: Specifying the keyBindings resource
Step 5: Restarting the window manager
Example of configuring key bindings
Customizing the Desktop with rules
Rule clauses
Defining the scope of rules
Specifying scope implicitly
Changing the behavior for all users
Changing the behavior for different types of user
Changing the behavior for a single user
Changing the behavior of a directory
Changing the behavior of a desktop
Changing behavior dynamically
Specifying the scope explicitly
Patterns
Classes
Effect of rules in different rule files
Rule file precedence
Structure of rule files
Processing filenames in rules
Referring to file and directory names
Canonical form
Filename processing commands
Specifying actions
Using Desktop modules
Auto modules
Loop modules
Text displayed by modules
Defining Desktop user types
Creating a new user type
Determining a user type
Defining Desktop triggers
About triggers
Types of trigger
Static triggers
Dynamic triggers
Hold triggers
Icons and windows
Variables
Click or hold
Drag
Menu selection
Creating objects for the Desktop
Creating an object using the Object Builder
Changing an action definition
Opening an existing object
Installing action definitions
Installing a picture
Installing an executable
Saving an object
Opening a new object
Creating an object manually
Step 1: Creating the object directory
Step 2: Selecting an icon
Step 3: Selecting trigger actions
Step 4: Writing trigger scripts
Step 5: Naming trigger scripts
Configuring icons
Defining the appearance of icons
Defining rules for icons
Defining a picture for icons
Defining a title for icons
Defining the behavior of icons
Writing trigger rules
Configuring Desktop windows
Defining the behavior of desktop windows
Defining the appearance of desktop windows
Example
Configuring directory windows
Defining the behavior of directory windows
Example
Configuring Desktop menus
Defining menus
Menu clauses and commands
Mnemonics and accelerator keys
Pull-down menus
Pop-up menus
Disabling menu commands
Removing menus
Writing Deskshell commands
Deskshell syntax
Quoting strings
Comments
Wildcards
Using variables
Variable substitutions
Subsets
Function arguments
Initialization
Operators
Assignment
Redirections
Command substitution
List substitution
Concatenation
Command terminators
Pipelines
List mark
Conditionals
Control constructs
Function definitions
Status
How Deskshell commands are executed
Threads
The state of threads
Local variables
Global variables
Variable overriding
How environments are inherited
System thread
Window threads
Background threads
Pipelines
Executing actions within the same thread
Signals
Standard signals
Mapping mouse triggers for the Desktop
Modifying the mouse trigger mappings
Step 1: Editing the resource file
Step 2: Redefining the trigger mapping
Step 3: Restarting the Desktop
OSF/Motif window manager resources
Resources for configuring window focus policies
Resource for specifying window manager fonts
Resources for coloring windows, icons, menus, and mattes
Resources for shading windows, icons, menus, and mattes
Resources for window decorations
Resources for controlling window size and position
Resources for configuring window manager icons
Resources for configuring the icon box
Other resources for controlling windows
Desktop resources
Resources for changing default rule files and directories
Resource for specifying Desktop fonts
Resources for specifying Desktop colors
Resources for specifying cursor appearance
Resources for configuring icon labels
Resources for controlling Desktop appearance and behavior
Resources for controlling directory appearance and behavior
Resources for defining message box appearance
Resources for controlling Desktop mouse behavior
Resources for mapping mouse triggers
Deskshell command summary
Index