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Apache::File - advanced functions for manipulating files at the server side
use Apache::File ();
Apache::File does two things: it provides an object-oriented interface to filehandles similar to Perl's standard IO::File class. While the Apache::File module does not provide all the functionality of IO::File, its methods are approximately twice as fast as the equivalent IO::File methods. Secondly, when you use Apache::File, it adds several new methods to the Apache class which provide support for handling files under the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
new()
This method creates a new filehandle, returning the filehandle object
on success, undef on failure. If an additional argument is given, it
will be passed to the open() method automatically.
use Apache::File (); my $fh = Apache::File->new;
my $fh = Apache::File->new($filename) or die "Can't open $filename $!";
open()
Given an Apache::File object previously created with new(), this
method opens a file and associates it with the object. The open()
method accepts the same types of arguments as the standard Perl open()
function, including support for file modes.
$fh->open($filename);
$fh->open(">$out_file");
$fh->open("|$program");
close()
The close() method is equivalent to the Perl builtin close function,
returns true upon success, false upon failure.
$fh->close or die "Can't close $filename $!";
tmpfile()
The tmpfile() method is responsible for opening up a unique temporary
file. It is similar to the tmpnam() function in the POSIX module, but
doesn't come with all the memory overhead that loading POSIX does. It
will choose a suitable temporary directory (which must be writable by
the Web server process). It then generates a series of filenames using
the current process ID and the $TMPNAM package global. Once a unique
name is found, it is opened for writing, using flags that will cause
the file to be created only if it does not already exist. This
prevents race conditions in which the function finds what seems to be
an unused name, but someone else claims the same name before it can be
created.
As an added bonus, tmpfile() calls the register_cleanup() method
behind the scenes to make sure the file is unlinked after the
transaction is finished.
Called in a list context, tmpfile() returns the temporary file name
and a filehandle opened for reading and writing. In a scalar context
only the filehandle is returned.
my($tmpnam, $fh) = Apache::File->tmpfile;
my $fh = Apache::File->tmpfile;
When a handler pulls in Apache::File, the module adds a number of new methods to the Apache request object. These methods are generally of interest to handlers that wish to serve static files from disk or memory using the features of the HTTP/1.1 protocol that provide increased performance through client-side document caching.
discard_request_body()
This method tests for the existence of a request body and if present, simply throws away the data. This discarding is especially important when persistent connections are being used, so that the request body will not be attached to the next request. If the request is malformed, an error code will be returned, which the module handler should propagate back to Apache.
if ((my $rc = $r->discard_request_body) != OK) {
return $rc;
}
meets_conditions()
In the interest of HTTP/1.1 compliance, the meets_conditions() method
is used to implement ``conditional GET'' rules. These rules include
inspection of client headers, including If-Modified-Since,
If-Unmodified-Since, If-Match and If-None-Match.
As far as Apache modules are concerned, they need only check the return value of this method before sending a request body. If the return value is anything other than OK, the module should return from the handler with that value. A common return value other than OK is HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED, which is sent when the document is already cached on the client side, and has not changed since it was cached.
if((my $rc = $r->meets_conditions) != OK) {
return $rc;
}
#else ... go and send the response body ...
mtime()
This method returns the last modified time of the requested file, expressed as seconds since the epoch.
my $date_string = localtime $r->mtime;
To change the last modified time use the update_mtime() method.
set_content_length()
This method sets the outgoing Content-length header based on its argument, which should be expressed in byte units. If no argument is specified, the method will use the size returned by $r->filename. This method is a bit faster and more concise than setting Content-length in the headers_out table yourself.
$r->set_content_length; $r->set_content_length(-s $r->finfo); #same as above $r->set_content_length(-s $filename);
set_etag()
This method is used to set the outgoing ETag header corresponding to
the requested file. ETag is an opaque string that identifies the
currrent version of the file and changes whenever the file is
modified. This string is tested by the meets_conditions() method if
the client provide an If-Match or If-None-Match header.
$r->set_etag;
set_last_modified()
This method is used to set the outgoing Last-Modified header from the
value returned by $r->mtime. The method checks that the specified time
is not in the future. In addition, using set_last_modified() is faster
and more concise than setting Last-Modified in the headers_out table
yourself.
You may provide an optional time argument, in which case the method
will first call the update_mtime() to set the file's last modification
date. It will then set the outgoing Last-Modified header as before.
$r->update_mtime((stat $r->finfo)[9]); $r->set_last_modified; $r->set_last_modified((stat $r->finfo)[9]); #same as the two lines above
update_mtime()
Rather than setting the request record mtime field directly, you can
use the update_mtime() method to change the value of this field. It
will only be updated if the new time is more recent than the current
mtime. If no time argument is present, the default is the last
modified time of $r->filename.
$r->update_mtime; $r->update_mtime((stat $r->finfo)[9]); #same as above $r->update_mtime(time);