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Digest::MD4 - Perl interface to the MD4 Algorithm
# Functional style use Digest::MD4 qw(md4 md4_hex md4_base64);
$digest = md4($data); $digest = md4_hex($data); $digest = md4_base64($data);
# OO style use Digest::MD4;
$ctx = Digest::MD4->new;
$ctx->add($data); $ctx->addfile(*FILE);
$digest = $ctx->digest; $digest = $ctx->hexdigest; $digest = $ctx->b64digest;
The Digest::MD4 module allows you to use the RSA Data Security
Inc. MD4 Message Digest algorithm from within Perl programs. The
algorithm takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as
output a 128-bit ``fingerprint'' or ``message digest'' of the input.
The Digest::MD4 module provide a procedural interface for simple
use, as well as an object oriented interface that can handle messages
of arbitrary length and which can read files directly.
The following functions are provided by the Digest::MD4 module.
None of these functions are exported by default.
md4($data,...)
This function will concatenate all arguments, calculate the MD4 digest of this ``message'', and return it in binary form. The returned string will be 16 bytes long.
The result of md4(``a'', ``b'', ``c'') will be exactly the same as the result of md4(``abc'').
md4_hex($data,...)
Same as md4(), but will return the digest in hexadecimal form. The length of the returned string will be 32 and it will only contain characters from this set: '0'..'9' and 'a'..'f'.
md4_base64($data,...)
Same as md4(), but will return the digest as a base64 encoded string. The length of the returned string will be 22 and it will only contain characters from this set: 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9', '+' and '/'.
Note that the base64 encoded string returned is not padded to be a multiple of 4 bytes long. If you want interoperability with other base64 encoded md4 digests you might want to append the redundant string ``=='' to the result.
The object oriented interface to Digest::MD4 is described in this
section. After a Digest::MD4 object has been created, you will add
data to it and finally ask for the digest in a suitable format. A
single object can be used to calculate multiple digests.
The following methods are provided:
The constructor returns a new Digest::MD4 object which encapsulate
the state of the MD4 message-digest algorithm.
If called as an instance method (i.e. $md4->new) it will just reset the state the object to the state of a newly created object. No new object is created in this case.
This is just an alias for $md4->new.
This a copy of the $md4 object. It is useful when you do not want to destroy the digests state, but need an intermediate value of the digest, e.g. when calculating digests iteratively on a continuous data stream. Example:
my $md4 = Digest::MD4->new;
while (<>) {
$md4->add($_);
print "Line $.: ", $md4->clone->hexdigest, "\n";
}
add($data,...)
The $data provided as argument are appended to the message we calculate the digest for. The return value is the $md4 object itself.
All these lines will have the same effect on the state of the $md4 object:
$md4->add("a"); $md4->add("b"); $md4->add("c");
$md4->add("a")->add("b")->add("c");
$md4->add("a", "b", "c");
$md4->add("abc");
addfile($io_handle)
The $io_handle will be read until EOF and its content appended to the message we calculate the digest for. The return value is the $md4 object itself.
The addfile() method will croak() if it fails reading data for some
reason. If it croaks it is unpredictable what the state of the $md4
object will be in. The addfile() method might have been able to read
the file partially before it failed. It is probably wise to discard
or reset the $md4 object if this occurs.
In most cases you want to make sure that the $io_handle is in
binmode before you pass it as argument to the addfile() method.
Return the binary digest for the message. The returned string will be 16 bytes long.
Note that the digest operation is effectively a destructive,
read-once operation. Once it has been performed, the Digest::MD4
object is automatically reset and can be used to calculate another
digest value. Call $md4->clone->digest if you want to calculate the
digest without reseting the digest state.
Same as $md4->digest, but will return the digest in hexadecimal form. The length of the returned string will be 32 and it will only contain characters from this set: '0'..'9' and 'a'..'f'.
Same as $md4->digest, but will return the digest as a base64 encoded string. The length of the returned string will be 22 and it will only contain characters from this set: 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9', '+' and '/'.
The base64 encoded string returned is not padded to be a multiple of 4 bytes long. If you want interoperability with other base64 encoded md4 digests you might want to append the string ``=='' to the result.
The simplest way to use this library is to import the md4_hex()
function (or one of its cousins):
use Digest::MD4 qw(md4_hex);
print "Digest is ", md4_hex("foobarbaz"), "\n";
The above example would print out the message:
Digest is 6df23dc03f9b54cc38a0fc1483df6e21
The same checksum can also be calculated in OO style:
use Digest::MD4;
$md4 = Digest::MD4->new;
$md4->add('foo', 'bar');
$md4->add('baz');
$digest = $md4->hexdigest;
print "Digest is $digest\n";
With OO style you can break the message arbitrary. This means that we are no longer limited to have space for the whole message in memory, i.e. we can handle messages of any size.
This is useful when calculating checksum for files:
use Digest::MD4;
my $file = shift || "/etc/passwd";
open(FILE, $file) or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
binmode(FILE);
$md4 = Digest::MD4->new;
while (<FILE>) {
$md4->add($_);
}
close(FILE);
print $md4->b64digest, " $file\n";
Or we can use the addfile method for more efficient reading of the file:
use Digest::MD4;
my $file = shift || "/etc/passwd";
open(FILE, $file) or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
binmode(FILE);
print Digest::MD4->new->addfile(*FILE)->hexdigest, " $file\n";
Perl 5.8 support Unicode characters in strings. Since the MD4 algorithm is only defined for strings of bytes, it can not be used on strings that contains chars with ordinal number above 255. The MD4 functions and methods will croak if you try to feed them such input data:
use Digest::MD4 qw(md4_hex);
my $str = "abc\x{300}";
print md4_hex($str), "\n"; # croaks
# Wide character in subroutine entry
What you can do is calculate the MD4 checksum of the UTF-8
representation of such strings. This is achieved by filtering the
string through encode_utf8() function:
use Digest::MD4 qw(md4_hex);
use Encode qw(encode_utf8);
my $str = "abc\x{300}";
print md4_hex(encode_utf8($str)), "\n";
# 8c2d46911f3f5a326455f0ed7a8ed3b3
the Digest manpage, the Digest::MD2 manpage, the Digest::SHA1 manpage, the Digest::HMAC manpage
md4sum(1)
RFC 1320
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Copyright 1998-2003 Gisle Aas. Copyright 1995-1996 Neil Winton. Copyright 1991-1992 RSA Data Security, Inc.
The MD4 algorithm is defined in RFC 1320. This implementation is derived from the reference C code in RFC 1320 which is covered by the following copyright statement:
Copyright (C) 1990-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software or this function.
License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work.
RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty of any kind.
These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or software.
This copyright does not prohibit distribution of any version of Perl containing this extension under the terms of the GNU or Artistic licenses.
The original MD5 interface was written by Neil Winton
(N.Winton@axion.bt.co.uk).
The Digest::MD5 module is written by Gisle Aas <gisle@ActiveState.com>.
The Digest::MD4 module is derived from Digest::MD5 by Mike McCauley (mikem@open.com.au)