(bison) Semantics

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 Defining Language Semantics
 ===========================
 
    The grammar rules for a language determine only the syntax.  The
 semantics are determined by the semantic values associated with various
 tokens and groupings, and by the actions taken when various groupings
 are recognized.
 
    For example, the calculator calculates properly because the value
 associated with each expression is the proper number; it adds properly
 because the action for the grouping `X + Y' is to add the numbers
 associated with X and Y.
 

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* Value Type        Specifying one data type for all semantic values.
* Multiple Types    Specifying several alternative data types.
* Actions           An action is the semantic definition of a grammar rule.
* Action Types      Specifying data types for actions to operate on.
* Mid-Rule Actions  Most actions go at the end of a rule.
                       This says when, why and how to use the exceptional
                         action in the middle of a rule.
 

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