(autoconf.info.gz) Shell Script Compiler

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(autoconf.info.gz) Writing configure

(autoconf.info.gz) Autoconf Language

 
 A Shell Script Compiler
 -----------------------
 
    Just as for any other computer language, in order to properly program
 `configure.ac' in Autoconf you must understand _what_ problem the
 language tries to address and _how_ it does so.
 
    The problem Autoconf addresses is that the world is a mess.  After
 all, you are using Autoconf in order to have your package compile
 easily on all sorts of different systems, some of them being extremely
 hostile.  Autoconf itself bears the price for these differences:
 `configure' must run on all those systems, and thus `configure' must
 limit itself to their lowest common denominator of features.
 
    Naturally, you might then think of shell scripts; who needs
 `autoconf'?  A set of properly written shell functions is enough to
 make it easy to write `configure' scripts by hand.  Sigh!
 Unfortunately, shell functions do not belong to the least common
 denominator; therefore, where you would like to define a function and
 use it ten times, you would instead need to copy its body ten times.
 
    So, what is really needed is some kind of compiler, `autoconf', that
 takes an Autoconf program, `configure.ac', and transforms it into a
 portable shell script, `configure'.
 
    How does `autoconf' perform this task?
 
    There are two obvious possibilities: creating a brand new language or
 extending an existing one.  The former option is very attractive: all
 sorts of optimizations could easily be implemented in the compiler and
 many rigorous checks could be performed on the Autoconf program (e.g.,
 rejecting any non-portable construct).  Alternatively, you can extend
 an existing language, such as the `sh' (Bourne shell) language.
 
    Autoconf does the latter: it is a layer on top of `sh'.  It was
 therefore most convenient to implement `autoconf' as a macro expander:
 a program that repeatedly performs "macro expansions" on text input,
 replacing macro calls with macro bodies and producing a pure `sh'
 script in the end.  Instead of implementing a dedicated Autoconf macro
 expander, it is natural to use an existing general-purpose macro
 language, such as M4, and implement the extensions as a set of M4
 macros.
 

Info Catalog

(autoconf.info.gz) Writing configure

(autoconf.info.gz) Autoconf Language